COSMARINDO

Mataram, University of Mataram — The phenomenon of coral spawning represents one of the most vital ecological processes in the life cycle of coral reefs. Under specific environmental conditions, particularly influenced by lunar phases, temperature, and water quality, corals simultaneously release gametes into the water column as part of a mass reproductive strategy. This event not only serves as a key indicator of ecosystem health but also opens opportunities for developing restoration approaches based on natural processes. Coral reefs play a strategic role in sustaining marine biodiversity, providing essential ecosystem services, and supporting the socio‑economic resilience of coastal communities. However, pressures ...